What term describes matters that do not occur in or near the presence of the court?

Direct Contempt of Court

Constructive Contempt of Court

The main idea is that contempt is categorized by where the conduct occurs. Direct contempt happens in the courtroom or in the judge’s immediate presence, while constructive contempt refers to acts that occur outside the court’s presence but still violate its orders or authority. Since the question describes matters that do not occur in or near the presence of the court, the correct term is constructive contempt. For example, disobeying a court order after the court session is over fits this category, because the disobedience happens away from the judge. Civil versus criminal contempt describe the purpose and remedy (coercive vs. punitive), not where the conduct happens, so they don’t fit the question’s focus.

Actual Contempt

Civil Contempt

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